Broadbandindia Magazine

New technology can change the way we receive news and entertainment, though. Radio challenged newspapers in the early 1900s, and television challenged radio. Now, it looks as though traditional television has its own competitor, but it’s not one that’s easily separated from television. It even has television in its name—it’s what we’re now calling Internet TV.

For most of the twentieth century, the only ways to watch television were through over-the-air broadcasts and cable signals. With broadcast TV, an antenna picks up radio waves to transmit pictures and sound to your television set. With cable TV, wires connect to a set-top box or to your TV itself. These wires run from your house to the nearest cable TV station, which acts as one big antenna. Aside from a few options like satellite TV, broadcast and cable were — and still are — the main ways to watch television.

What is Internet TV ?

Internet TV, in simple terms, is video and audio delivered over an Internet connection. It’s also known as Internet protocol television, or IPTV. You can watch  Internet TV on a computer screen, a television screen (through a set-top box) or a mobile device like a cell phone or an iPod.

It’s almost the same as getting television through an antenna or a series of cable wires — the difference is that information is sent over the Internet as data. At the same time, you can find even more variety on Internet TV than cable TV. Along with many of the same shows you find on the big networks, many Web sites offer independently produced programs targeted toward people with specific interests. If you wanted to watch a show on vegetarian cooking, for example, you could probably find it more easily over the Internet than on regular TV.

Because many sites offer on-demand services, you don’t have to keep track of scheduling. For sites using webcasting or real-time streaming video, though, live broadcasting is still an option.

Internet TV is relatively new — there are lots of different ways to get it, and quality, content and costs can vary greatly. Shows can be high-quality, professionally produced material, while others might remind you of Wayne and Garth broadcasting “Wayne’s World” from their basement. Traditional TV networks are also easing into the technology and experimenting with different formats.

In this article, we’ll go over the basics of Internet TV and talk about some of the current options for finding and watching it.

Internet TV Types and Prices

Although video quality and screen size vary, right now Internet TV offers a few more benefits than traditional television does. It also offers a variety of options and formats. You can watch two basic types of broadcasts through Internet TV :

1. Live broadcasts

Web sites like wwiTV compile lists of live broadcast channels. If you want to catch up on the news in Buenos Aires, Argentina, for instance, simply click on Argentina — channels are usually grouped by country — and browse through the list of available broadcasts. Some TV networks also play live, streaming feeds of their programming on their official sites. Either way, it’s like watching live TV on your computer screen. You can’t pause, back up or skip through parts of the broadcast that don’t interest you.

2. On demand videos

On-demand videos, on the other hand, are usually arranged like a playlist. Episodes or clips are arranged by title or channel or in categories like news, sports or music videos. You choose exactly what you want to watch, when you want to watch it. Comedy Central’s official site, for example, features the Motherload, which lets you browse through prerecorded clips from programs such as “The Daily Show” and “The Colbert Report.” Although it’s not live television, you don’t have to worry about networks taking down clips because of copyright issues.

In addition to the two basic broadcast categories, there are three basic fee structures for Internet TV:

1.             Free: Aside from the fee you pay for Internet connectivity, many Internet TV sites or channels don’t cost anything. Many of these free sites are supported by advertising, so banner ads may show up around the site, or short commercials may play before you watch videos. It may seem a little bothersome to wait for video, but it’s the only way for the Web site designers to make money and offer quality content for you to watch. Plus, the wait is never too long — ad lengths can range from a few seconds to 30 seconds, which is still shorter than most commercials.

2.             Subscription : This works just like your cable bill. You typically pay a monthly fee for a certain number of channels or on-demand video. Prices are constantly changing since Internet TV is in its early stages, but subscriptions can cost as little as $20 and as much as $120, depending on the number of channels you want.

3.             Pay-per-view : Pay-per-view videos or podcasts can cost nothing if the site is free, and major networks generally charge between $3 and $7 for downloads and rentals.

Peer-to-peer Television

Some Internet TV sites rely on peer-to-peer file sharing and require you to download a specific software client. Instead of receiving video from one central  erver, the software searches other computers with the same P2P program for a specific file. This is the same technology used for applications such as BitTorrent or the old Napster.

The most popular ways to watch Internet TV are available in a variety of formats and costs. Joost, a free peer-to-peer program, offers shows from MTV, Comedy Central, CBS and Cartoon Network’s “Adult Swim.” Apple released the Apple TV in March 2007, and the device allows you to wirelessly transmit movies and TV shows from iTunes onto your television screen. Microsoft’s Xbox Live Video Marketplace, on the other hand, lets Xbox 360 users download and rent movies and TV shows onto the system’s hard drive.

Internet Bandwidth and Streaming

There are two things that make Internet TV possible. The first is bandwidth. To understand bandwidth, it’s best to think of the Internet as a series of highways and information as cars. If there’s only one car on the highway, that car will travel quickly and easily. If there are many cars, however, traffic can build up and slow things down. The Internet works the same way — if only one person is downloading one file, the transfer should happen fairly quickly. If several people are trying to download the same file, though, the transfer can be much slower.

In this analogy, bandwidth is the number of lanes on the highway. If a Web site’s bandwidth is too low, traffic will become congested. If the Web site increases its bandwidth, information will be able to travel back and forth without much of a hassle. Bandwidth is important for Internet TV, because sending large amounts of video and audio data over the Internet requires large bandwidths.

The second important part of Internet TV is streaming audio and video. Streaming technology makes it possible for us to watch live or on-demand video without downloading a copy directly to a computer.

There are a few basic steps to watching streaming audio and video:

1. A server holds video data.

2. When you want to watch a video, you click the right command, like “Play” or “Watch.” This sends a message to the server, telling it that you want to watch a certain video.

3. The server responds by sending you the necessary data. It uses streaming media protocols to make sure the data arrives in good condition and with all the pieces in the right order.

4. A plugin or player on your computer — Windows Media Player and RealPlayer are two popular examples — decodes and plays the video signal.

Few Advantages unfolded

. Anyone, Anywhere Access

Anyone overseas can catch their favourite television shows online. It’s 10 pm on a Tuesday in Singapore. Chennai-raised company executive Laxmi Sivakumaran is itching for her favourite Tamil soap. A key moment in Selvi, the current Tamil mega serial, is set to unfold. A house is about to be divided. It’s Indian television entertainment at its melodramatic peak. What happens next?”I log on to the Net,” chuckles a chatty Sivakumaran. “I get online and don’t even need to download the episode.”Welcome to watching your pick of the soaps on the Internet. Sivakumaran is one among many users abroad who go online to view soaps they’re addicted to. Portals such as www.idesitv.com, www.muft.tv, www.yupptv.com, www.biggboss2.in.com and Network18’s www.in.com have become the go-to zones for Indians abroad who’ve been longing for a slice of desi masala. “I don’t have a TV, so the Web is a boon,” says Sivakumaran.In faraway Glasgow, Scotland, Mumbai-born Rajesh Pathak, a catering professional, kept up with all the juice in episodes of Bigg Boss 2 on the show’s website www.biggboss2.in.com.

.Low costs

“Indian TV channels are quite expensive here, so I prefer to view Indian shows online,” Pathak says. Sneha Mathur, a Mumbai-born medical student in Austin, Texas, stresses that the web is how she catches up with Indian shows. She left India in the middle of last year but caught Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi’s final episodes on www.muft.tv while in the US.The USP of most of these sites is that viewers can watch their favourite shows without having to download a video clip, courtesy video streaming — a technology that enables you to watch an audiovisual clip online.

To view such a clip, you just go to a website and get registered (in most cases for free, though some have charges), click on the language of your choice, move to the TV serial link and get a list of the most recent episodes of your chosen show. Depending on the website, the quality of the clip and the strength of your Internet connection, the streaming begins. It’s also an option for those who live in India but have missed an episode of their favourite show.

The Pitfalls

. Slow Internet connection

Although Internet TV promises quite a lot, the concept doesn’t come without criticism. Users with slow Internet connections may have difficulty getting data fast enough. Many complain that the video quality pales in comparison to HDTV screens, and Web sites have difficulty providing sufficient bandwidth. Peer-to-peer software may offer a possible solution, since it spreads out the amount of available information across lots of computers instead of putting all the pressure on one server.

. Unlicensed content

The bulk of websites resides in a shadowy zone as far as the legality of their uploaded content goes. While there are no figures to establish how many users  actually avail of these services, technology and cyber legal experts admit that it is as well-established a phenomenon as downloading films and music from the web.”These websites are culpable under the Information Technology Act of 2000,” says cyber affairs lawyer Pavan Duggal. “But this law basically takes into consideration e-commerce-related electronic data and information issues. When this law was framed in 2000, few were concerned about matters pertaining to uploading videos of TV channel shows,” he says.

“People can be charged with hacking, or with streaming illegal content or violating copyright. But cases are few and far between as it’s very difficult to catch portal hosts.”Gagandeep S. Sapra, technology columnist and CEO of System 3 Group, Delhi, adds that users can’t be identified unless they are using a credit card for payment. “Second, who will share this information with the authorities? The biggest problem is that users don’t know whether this is fair play or piracy and hence litigating the user becomes very difficult.” The Telegraph technology columnist Tushar Kanwar points out that most of these websites have been put up outside India and under fictitious identities.

Clearly, it’s not easy for television channels to take action. “We routinely put out legal notices to websites to take down content which infringes on our copyright. However, many such websites are very difficult to trace and may be registered in jurisdictions where copyright enforcement is extremely difficult,” admits Sameer Rao, senior vice president (strategic planning and commercial) of STAR India. Giving a fillip to the phenomenon is the fact that video streaming is as easy as uploading a video on a Facebook profile.

The Bottomline remains

Internet TV could eventually change the way we get our news and entertainment. People who are enthusiastic and knowledgeable about certain subjects but don’t have a contract with a major network can produce their own shows if they have the right technology . Since video recording and editing technologies are becoming more accessible to the public, it will become easier to transmit user-generated content from all over the planet.

India will soon see this come up in a big way. We’re soon going to be in a situation where two years from now you’re riding on the Delhi Metro, have high speed Internet available on the train, and then watch TV on your hand held PDA, laptop or cell phone, without having to download — that’s the potential of streaming. TV sets are going to have a hard time selling and the distance between the TV and the PC will ultimately collapse.      .